"Western learning" • Chinese-English Dictionary
| 西学 | Xī xué | Western learning (intellectual movement in the late Qing) / also called 洋務運動|洋务运动 |  |
| 洋学 | Yáng xué | Western learning | |
| 西学 | Xī xué | Western learning (intellectual movement in the late Qing) / also called 洋務運動|洋务运动 | |
| 洋学 | Yáng xué | Western learning | |