| 干妈 | gān mā | adoptive mother (traditional adoption, i.e. without legal ramifications) | ![]() |
| 养母 | yǎng mǔ | foster mother / adoptive mother | ![]() |
| 义母 | yì mǔ | adoptive mother | ![]() |
| 干娘 | gān niáng | adoptive mother (traditional adoption, i.e. without legal ramifications) | ![]() |
| 契妈 | qì mā | adoptive mother | ![]() |
