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五
口
通
商
wǔ kǒu tōng shāng
Translation
the five treaty ports forced on Qing China by the 1842 treaty of Nanjing 南京條約|南京条约
that concluded the First Opium War, namely: Guangzhou 廣州|广州, Fuzhou 福州, Ningbo 寧波|宁波, Xiamen or Amoy 廈門|厦门
and Shanghai 上海
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