| 资本家 | zī běn jiā | capitalist |   |
| 近代 | jìn dài | the not-very-distant past / modern times, excluding recent decades / (in the context of Chinese history) the period from the Opium Wars until the May 4th Movement (mid-19th century to 1919) / capitalist times (pre-1949) | |
| 吸血鬼 | xī xuè guǐ | leech / bloodsucking vermin / vampire (translated European notion) / fig. cruel exploiter, esp. a capitalist exploiting the workers | |
| 邓小平理论 | Dèng Xiǎo píng Lǐ lùn | Deng Xiaoping Theory / Dengism / the foundation of PRC economic development after the Cultural Revolution, building the capitalist economy within Chinese Communist Party control | |
| 资产阶级 | zī chǎn jiē jí | the capitalist class / the bourgeoisie | |
| 走资派 | zǒu zī pài | capitalist roader (person in power taking the capitalist road, a political label often pinned on cadres by the Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution) | |
| 自由企业 | zì yóu qǐ yè | free enterprise (in capitalist theory) | |
