| 单糖 | dān táng | monosaccharide |  |
| 丁糖 | dīng táng | tetrose (CH2O)4, monosaccharide with four carbon atoms | |
| 七碳糖 | qī tàn táng | heptose (CH2O)7, monosaccharide with seven carbon atoms | |
| 三碳糖 | sān tàn táng | triose (CH2O)3, monosaccharide with three carbon atoms, such as glyceraldehyde 甘油醛[gan1 you2 quan2] | |
| 丙糖 | bǐng táng | triose (CH2O)3, monosaccharide with three carbon atoms, such as glyceraldehyde 甘油醛[gan1 you2 quan2] | |
| 五碳糖 | wǔ tàn táng | pentose (CH2O)5, monosaccharide with five carbon atoms, such as ribose 核糖[he2 tang2] | |
| 六碳糖 | liù tàn táng | hexose (CH2O)6, monosaccharide with six carbon atoms, such as glucose 葡萄糖[pu2 tao5 tang2] | |
| 四碳糖 | sì tàn táng | tetrose (CH2O)4, monosaccharide with four carbon atoms | |
| 己糖 | jǐ táng | hexose (CH2O)6, monosaccharide with six carbon atoms, such as glucose 葡萄糖[pu2 tao5 tang2] | |
| 庚糖 | gēng táng | heptose (CH2O)7, monosaccharide with seven carbon atoms | |
| 戊糖 | wù táng | pentose (CH2O)5, monosaccharide with five carbon atoms, such as ribose 核糖[he2 tang2] | |
| 酮糖 | tóng táng | ketose, monosaccharide containing ketone group | |
| 醛糖 | quán táng | aldose, monosaccharide containing aldehyde group -COH | |
