to withdraw the mandate of heaven (and transition to a new dynasty) (original meaning) / revolution / revolutionary / to revolt (against sb or sth) / to revolutionize (sth) / (separable verb sometimes used in the pattern 革noun的命) / CL:次[ci4]
Deng Xiaoping Theory / Dengism / the foundation of PRC economic development after the Cultural Revolution, building the capitalist economy within Chinese Communist Party control
文革
Wén gé
Cultural Revolution (1966-76) (abbr. for 文化大革命[Wen2 hua4 Da4 ge2 ming4])
Peng Dehuai (1898-1974), top communist general, subsequently politician and politburo member, disgraced after attacking Mao's failed policies in 1959, and died after extensive persecution during the Cultural Revolution
辛亥革命
Xīn hài Gé mìng
Xinhai Revolution (1911), which ended the Qing Dynasty
四人帮
sì rén bāng
Gang of Four: Jiang Qing 江青[Jiang1 Qing1], Zhang Chunqiao 張春橋|张春桥[Zhang1 Chun1 qiao2], Yao Wenyuan 姚文元[Yao2 Wen2 yuan2], Wang Hongwen 王洪文[Wang2 Hong2 wen2], who served as scapegoats for the excesses of the cultural revolution
红卫兵
Hóng wèi bīng
Red Guards (Cultural Revolution, 1966-1976)
工业革命
Gōng yè Gé mìng
Industrial Revolution, c. 1750-1830
贺龙
Hè Lóng
He Long (1896-1969), important communist military leader, died from persecution during the Cultural Revolution
辛亥
xīn hài
forty-eighth year H12 of the 60 year cycle, e.g. 1971 or 2031 / cf 辛亥革命[Xin1 hai4 Ge2 ming4], Xinhai Revolution of 1911
黄兴
Huáng Xīng
Huang Xing (1874-1916), revolutionary politician, close collaborator of Sun Yat-sen, prominent in the 1911 Xinhai Revolution 辛亥革命[Xin1 hai4 Ge2 ming4], murdered in Shanghai in 1916
the New Culture Movement (mid-1910s and 1920s), intellectual revolution against Confucianism aiming to introduce Western elements, especially democracy and science
周作人
Zhōu Zuò rén
Zhou Zuoren (1885-1967), brother of Lu Xun 魯迅|鲁迅[Lu3 Xun4], academic in Japanese and Greek studies, briefly imprisoned after the war as Japanese collaborator, persecuted and died of unknown causes during the Cultural Revolution
资产阶级革命
zī chǎn jiē jí gé mìng
bourgeois revolution (in Marx-Leninist theory, a prelude to the proletarian revolution)
康生
Kāng Shēng
Kang Sheng (1896-1975), Chinese communist leader, a politburo member during the Cultural Revolution and posthumously blamed for some of its excesses
秋瑾
qiū jǐn
Qiu Jin (1875-1907), famous female martyr of the anti-Qing revolution, the subject of several books and films
华国锋
Huá Guó fēng
Hua Guofeng (1921-), leader of Chinese Communist Party after the Cultural Revolution
朦胧诗
méng lóng shī
Misty Poetry, a post-Cultural Revolution poetry movement
吴晗
Wú Hán
Wu Han (1909-1969), historian, author of biography of Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋, hounded to his death together with several members of his family during the cultural revolution
宋教仁
Sòng Jiào rén
Song Jiaoren (1882-1913), politician of the revolutionary party involved in the 1911 Xinhai revolution, murdered in Shanghai in 1913
黑五类
hēi wǔ lèi
the "five black categories" (Cultural Revolution term), i.e. landlords, rich peasants, counterrevolutionaries, bad elements and rightists
谭震林
Tán Zhèn lín
Tan Zhenlin (1902-1983), PRC revolutionary and military leader, played political role after the Cultural Revolution
郭小川
Guō Xiǎo chuān
Guo Xiaochuan (1919-1976), PRC communist poet, hero in the war with Japan, died after long persecution during Cultural Revolution
武昌起义
Wǔ chāng Qǐ yì
Wuchang Uprising of October 10th, 1911, which led to Sun Yat-sen's Xinhai Revolution and the fall of the Qing dynasty
Zou Rong (1885-1905), a martyr of the anti-Qing revolution, died in jail in 1905
三家村
Sān jiā cūn
lit. village of three households / name of essay column in Beijing newspaper from 1961-1966, written by Deng Tuo 鄧拓|邓拓, Wu Han 吳晗|吴晗 / and Liao Mosha 廖沫沙, criticized as anti-party during the Cultural Revolution
二次革命
èr cì gé mìng
second revolution / campaign from 1913 of the provisional revolutionary government (under Sun Yat-sen and the Guomindang) against Yuan Shikai 袁世凱|袁世凯[Yuan2 Shi4 kai3] and the Northern Warlords
动物庄园
Dòng wù Zhuāng yuán
Animal Farm (1945), novel and famous satire on communist revolution by George Orwell 喬治·奧威爾|乔治·奥威尔[Qiao2 zhi4 · / Ao4 wei1 er3] / also translated 動物農場|动物农场[Dong4 wu4 Nong2 chang3]
动物农场
Dòng wù Nóng chǎng
Animal Farm (1945), novel and famous satire on communist revolution by George Orwell 喬治·奧威爾|乔治·奥威尔[Qiao2 zhi4 · / Ao4 wei1 er3]
北洋政府
Běi yáng zhèng fǔ
the Warlord government of Northern China that developed from the Qing Beiyang army 北洋軍閥|北洋军阀 / after the Xinhai revolution of 1911
北洋军
Běi yáng jūn
north China army, a modernizing Western-style army set up during late Qing, and a breeding ground for the Northern Warlords after the Qinghai revolution
周瘦鹃
Zhōu Shòu juān
Zhou Shoujuan (1895-1968), writer, translator and art collector in Suzhou, a victim of the Cultural Revolution
廖沫沙
Liào Mò shā
Liao Mosha (1907-1990), journalist and communist propagandist, severely criticized and imprisoned for 10 years during the Cultural Revolution
政训处
zhèng xùn chù
political training office (during Chinese revolution, since renamed political division 政治部)
旋转曲面
xuán zhuǎn qū miàn
a surface of revolution (math.)
日英联军
Rì Yīng lián jūn
Anglo-Japanese allied army (intervention during Russian revolution and civil war 1917-1922)
李叔同
Lǐ Shū tóng
Liu Shutong (1880-1942), painter, Buddhist monk and distinguished figure in New Culture Movement 新文化運動|新文化运动[Xin1 Wen2 hua4 Yun4 dong4] after the Xinhai Revolution 辛亥革命[Xin1 hai4 Ge2 ming4] of 1911
Zhang Taiyan (1869-1936), scholar, journalist, revolutionary and leading intellectual around the time of the Xinhai revolution
章炳麟
Zhāng Bǐng lín
Zhang Taiyan 章太炎 / (1869-1936), scholar, journalist, revolutionary and leading intellectual around the time of the Xinhai revolution
红色旅游
hóng sè lu:3 yóu
red tourism, focused on sites in China associated with the Communist Revolution
旧民主主义革命
jiù mín zhǔ zhǔ yì gé mìng
old democratic revolution / bourgeois revolution (in Marx-Leninist theory, a prelude to the proletarian revolution)
血统论
xuè tǒng lùn
class division into proletariat and bourgeoisie class enemy, in use esp. during the Cultural Revolution
邓拓
Dèng Tuò
Deng Tuo (1912-1966), sociologist and journalist, died under persecution at the start of the Cultural Revolution / wrote under the pen name Ma Nancun 馬南邨|马南邨
阿芙乐尔号
A1 fú lè ěr Hào
Russian cruiser Aurora, firing the shot signaling the 1917 revolution, a favorite of communist iconography
革命先烈
gé mìng xiān liè
martyr to the revolution
革命烈士
gé mìng liè shì
martyr of the revolution
韩爱晶
Hán Aì jīng
Han Aijing (1945-), notorious red guard leader during Cultural Revolution, spent 15 years in prison for imprisoning and torturing political leaders
黄克强
Huáng Kè jiàng
pseudonym of Huang Xing 黃興|黄兴[Huang2 Xing1], one of the heroes of the 1911 Xinhai Revolution 辛亥革命[Xin1 hai4 Ge2 ming4]
pseudonym of Huang Xing 黃興|黄兴[Huang2 Xing1], one of the heroes of the 1911 Xinhai Revolution 辛亥革命[Xin1 hai4 Ge2 ming4]
老子英雄儿好汉，老子反动儿混蛋
lǎo zi yīng xióng ér hǎo hàn , lǎo zi fǎn dòng ér hún dàn
If the father is a hero, the son is a real man. If the father is a reactionary, the son is a bastard. (Cultural Revolution slogan) / fig. like father, like son
红五类
hóng wǔ lèi
the “five red categories&rdquo / (Cultural Revolution term), i.e. poor and lower-middle peasants, workers, revolutionary soldiers, revolutionary cadres, and revolutionary martyrs
积代会
jī dài huì
(Cultural Revolution term) conference of activist representatives (abbr. for 積極分子代錶大會|积极分子代表大会)
斗私批修
dòu sī pī xiū
fight self-interest and repudiate revisionism (Cultural Revolution slogan)
农友
nóng yǒu
our peasant friends (political term used in the early years of the Old Democratic Revolution, 1840-1919) / (Tw) (coll.) farmer
切格瓦拉
Qiè Gé wǎ lā
Ernesto Che Guevara (1928-1967), Cuban Revolution leader
guī