| 黄金 | huáng jīn | gold / golden (opportunity) / prime (time) |   |
| 头等 | tóu děng | first class / prime / main | |
| 总理 | zǒng lǐ | premier / prime minister / CL:個|个[ge4],位[wei4],名[ming2] | |
| 首相 | shǒu xiàng | prime minister (of Japan or UK etc) | |
| 小泉 | Xiǎo quán | Koizumi (name) / KOIZUMI Jun'ichirō, Japanese LDP politician, prime minister 2001-2006 | |
| 诸葛亮 | Zhū gě Liàng | Zhuge Liang (181-234), military leader and prime minister of Shu Han 蜀漢|蜀汉 / during the Three Kingdoms period / the main hero of the fictional Romance of Three Kingdoms 三國演義|三国演义, where he is portrayed as a sage and military genius / mastermind | |
| 布朗 | Bù lǎng | Brown (name) / Gordon Brown (1951-), UK politician, prime minister 2007-2010 | |
| 丞相 | chéng xiàng | the most senior minister of many kingdoms or dynasties (with varying roles) / prime minister | |
| 宰相 | zǎi xiàng | prime minister (in feudal China) | |
| 副总理 | fù zǒng lǐ | vice-premier / vice prime minister / deputy prime minister | |
| 花季 | huā jì | youthful time / prime of youth / flowering season | |
| 首推 | shǒu tuī | to regard as the foremost / to name as a prime example / to implement for the first time | |
| 原动力 | yuán dòng lì | motive force / prime mover / first cause / agent | |
| 妙龄 | miào líng | (of a girl) in the prime of youth | |
| 强档 | qiáng dàng | prime time | |
| 苏格拉底 | Sū gé lā dǐ | Socrates (469-399 BC), Greek philosopher / José / Sócrates (1957-), prime minister of Portugal (2005-2011) | |
| 壮年 | zhuàng nián | lit. robust years / prime of life / summer / able-bodied (fit for military service) / mature (talent, garden etc) | |
| 青壮年 | qīng zhuàng nián | the prime of one's life | |
| 英年 | yīng nián | the prime of one's life / youthful years | |
| 卡斯特罗 | Kǎ sī tè luó | Castro (name) / Fidel Castro or Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (1926-2016), Cuban revolutionary leader, prime minister 1959-1976, president 1976-2008 | |
| 李斯 | Lǐ Sī | Li Si (c. 280-208 BC), Legalist philosopher, calligrapher and prime minister of Qin kingdom and Qin dynasty from 246 to 208 BC | |
| 合数 | hé shù | composite number (i.e. not prime, has a factorization) | |
| 风华正茂 | fēng huá zhèng mào | in one's prime | |
| 相国 | xiàng guó | prime minister (in ancient China) | |
| 前总理 | qián zǒng lǐ | former prime minister | |
| 质数 | zhì shù | prime number | |
| 撒切尔 | Sā qiē ěr | Thatcher (name) / Baroness Thatcher or Margaret Thatcher (1925-2013), British conservative politician, prime minister 1979-1990 | |
| 迟暮 | chí mù | past one's prime | |
| 盛年 | shèng nián | the prime of one's life | |
| 前首相 | qián shǒu xiàng | former prime minister | |
| 李光耀 | Lǐ Guāng yào | Lee Kuan Yew (1923-2015), founding father of modern Singapore, prime minister 1959-1990 | |
| 素数 | sù shù | prime number | |
| 脱脱 | Tuō tuō | Toktoghan (1314-1355), Mongol politician during the Yuan dynasty, prime minister until 1345, compiled three dynastic histories of Song 宋史, Liao 遼史|辽史 / and Jin 金史 / also written Tuoketuo 托克托 | |
| 狄仁杰 | Dí Rén jié | Di Renjie (607-700), Tang dynasty politician, prime minister under Wu Zetian, subsequently hero of legends / master sleuth Judge Dee, aka Chinese Sherlock Holmes, in novel Three murder cases solved by Judge Dee 狄公案[Di2 gong1 an4] translated by Dutch sinologist R.H. van Gulik 高羅珮|高罗佩[Gao1 Luo2 pei4] | |
| 安倍晋三 | An1 bèi Jìn sān | Abe Shinzo (1954-2022), Japanese LDP politician, prime minister 2006-2007 and from 2012-2020 | |
| 李显龙 | Lǐ Xiǎn lóng | Lee Hsien Loong (1952-), Singapore PAP politician, eldest son of Lee Kuan Yew 李光耀[Li3 Guang1 yao4], prime minister from 2004 | |
| 邱吉尔 | Qiū jí ěr | Winston Churchill (1874-1965), UK politican and prime minister 1940-1945 and 1951-1955 / surname Churchill | |
| 李克强 | Lǐ Kè qiáng | Li Keqiang (1955-), PRC politician, prime minister from 2013 | |
| 洪森 | Hóng Sēn | Hun Sen (1952-), prime minister of Cambodia since 1985 | |
| 容克 | Róng kè | Junker (German aristocracy) / Jean-Claude Juncker (1954-), Luxembourgish politician, prime minister of Luxembourg 1995-2013, president of the European Commission 2014-2019 | |
| 牵引机 | | prime mover | |
| 质因数 | zhì yīn shù | prime factor (in arithmetic) | |
| 正当年 | zhèng dāng nián | to be in the prime of life | |
| 田中角荣 | Tián zhōng Jiǎo róng | Tanaka Kakuei (1918-1993), Japanese politician, prime minister 1972-1974 | |
| 蜀相 | Shǔ xiàng | the Prime Minister of Shu (i.e. Zhuge Liang 諸葛亮|诸葛亮[Zhu1 ge3 Liang4]) | |
| 钟鸣漏尽 | zhōng míng lòu jìn | past one's prime / in one's declining years | |
| 英年早逝 | yīng nián zǎo shì | to die an untimely death (idiom) / to be cut off in one's prime | |
| 吉拉尼 | Jí lā ní | Syed Yousuf Raza Gilani (1952-), Pakistan People's Party politician, prime minister 2008-2012 | |
| 安瓦尔 | An1 wǎ ěr | Anwar (name) / Anwar bin Ibrahim (1947-), Malaysian politician, deputy prime minister 1993-1998, imprisoned 1999-2004 on charges including alleged homosexual acts, subsequently overturned | |
| 安重根 | An1 Zhòng gēn | An Jung-geun or Ahn Joong-keun (1879-1910), Korean independence activist, famous as assassin of Japanese prime minister ITŌ / Hirobumi 伊藤博文[Yi1 teng2 Bo2 wen2] in 1909 | |
| 本初子午线 | běn chū zǐ wǔ xiàn | the first meridian / the prime meridian | |
| 古杰拉尔 | Gǔ jié lā ěr | Gujral (name) / Inder Kumar Gujral (1919-2012), Indian Janata politician, prime minister 1997-1998 | |
| 拉法兰 | Lā fǎ lán | Raffarin, prime minister of France under Jacques Chirac | |
| 李鹏 | Lǐ Péng | Li Peng (1928-2019), leading PRC politician, prime minister 1987-1998, reportedly leader of the conservative faction advocating the June 1989 Tiananmen clampdown | |
| 尼赫鲁 | Ní hè lǔ | Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964), Indian politician, first prime minister 1947-1964 | |
| 桥本龙太郎 | Qiáo běn Lóng tài láng | HASHIMOTO Ryūtarō / (1937-2006), Japanese politician, prime minister 1996-1998 | |
| 吴作栋 | Wú Zuò dòng | Goh Chok Tong (1941-), Singapore businessman and politician, prime minister 1990-2004 | |
| 小泉纯一郎 | Xiǎo quán Chún yī láng | KOIZUMI Jun'ichirō / (1942-), Japanese LDP politician, prime minister 2001-2006 | |
| 周恩来 | Zhōu En1 lái | Zhou Enlai (1898-1976), Chinese communist leader, prime minister 1949-1976 | |
| 村山富市 | Cūn shān Fù shì | Tomiichi Murayama (1924-), former prime minister of Japan | |
| 德乌帕 | Dé wū pà | Sher Bahadur Deuba (1946-), former prime minister of Nepal | |
| 宫泽喜一 | Gōng zé Xǐ yī | Kiichi Miyazawa (1919-2007), former Japanese prime minister | |
| 海部俊树 | Hǎi bù Jùn shù | KAIFU Toshiki (1931-), Japanese politician, prime minister 1989-1991 | |
| 陆克文 | Lù Kè wén | Kevin Rudd (1957-), Australian politician, proficient in Mandarin, prime minister 2007-2010 and 2013 | |
| 马哈迪 | Mǎ hā dí | Mahathir bin Mohamad (1925-), Malaysian politician, prime minister 1981-2003 and 2018-2020 | |
| 森喜朗 | Sēn Xǐ lǎng | MORI Yoshirō / (1937-), Japanese rugby player and politician, prime minister 2000-2001, famous for numerous gaffes | |
| 王猛 | Wáng Měng | Wang Meng (325-375), prime minister to Fu Jian 苻堅|苻坚[Fu2 Jian1] of Former Qin 前秦[Qian2 Qin2] | |
| 主嫌 | zhǔ xián | prime, key or main suspect (law) | |
| 互素 | hù sù | (math.) coprime / relatively prime (having no common factor) | |
| 他信 | Tā xìn | Thaksin Shinawatra (1949-), Thai businessman and politician, prime minister 2001-2006 | |
| 伊藤·博文 | | ITŌ / Hirobumi (1841-1909), Japanese Meiji restoration politician, prime minister on four occasions, influential in Japanese expansionism in Korea, assassinated in Harbin | |
| 内塔尼亚胡 | Nèi tǎ ní yà hú | Netanyahu (name) / Benjamin Netanyahu (1949-), Israeli Likud politician, prime minister 1996-1999 and from 2009 | |
| 内阁总理大臣 | Nèi gé Zǒng lǐ Dà chén | formal title of the Japanese prime minister | |
| 册府元龟 | Cè fǔ yuán guī | Prime tortoise of the record bureau, Song dynasty historical encyclopedia of political essays, autobiography, memorials and decrees, compiled 1005-1013 under Wang Qinruo 王欽若|王钦若 / and Yang Yi 楊億|杨亿, 1000 scrolls | |
| 副相 | fù xiàng | deputy prime minister | |
| 北宋四大部书 | Běi Sòng sì dà bù shū | Four great compilations of Northern Song dynasty, namely: Extensive records of the Taiping era (978) 太平廣記|太平广记, Imperial readings of the Taiping era 太平御覽|太平御览, Prime tortoise of the record bureau 冊府元龜|册府元龟, Finest blossoms in the garden of literature 文苑英華|文苑英华 | |
| 合成数 | hé chéng shù | composite number (i.e. not prime, has a factorization) | |
| 名相 | míng xiàng | famous prime minister (in ancient China) / names and appearances (Buddhism) | |
| 哈西纳 | Hā xī nà | Ms Sheikh Hasina (1947-), Bangladesh politician, prime minister 1996-2001 and from 2009 | |
| 埃尔多安 | Aī ěr duō ān | Erdogan (name) / Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (1954-), Turkish politician, prime minister 2003-2014, president 2014- | |
| 大东亚共荣圈 | Dà Dōng yà Gòng róng quān | Great East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, Japanese wartime slogan for their short-lived Pacific Empire, first enunciated by Prime Minister Prince KONOE Fumimaro 近衛文麿|近卫文麿 / in 1938 | |
| 安倍·晋叁 | | ABE Shinzō / (1954-), Japanese LDP politician, prime minister 2006-2007 | |
| 宋四大书 | Sòng sì dà shū | Four great compilations of Northern Song dynasty, namely: Extensive records of the Taiping era (978) 太平廣記|太平广记, Imperial readings of the Taiping era 太平御覽|太平御览, Prime tortoise of the record bureau 冊府元龜|册府元龟, Finest blossoms in the garden of literature 文苑英華|文苑英华 | |
| 小泉·纯一郎 | | KOIZUMI Jun'ichirō / (1942-), Japanese LDP politician, prime minister 2001-2006 | |
| 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲 | shào zhuàng bù nǔ lì , lǎo dà tú shāng bēi | if you are lazy in your prime, you'll be sorry in your old age | |
| 巴尔克嫩德 | Bā ěr kè nèn dé | Jan Pieter Balkenende (1956-), prime minister of the Netherlands 2002-2010 | |
| 巴罗佐 | Bā luó zuǒ | José / Manuel Durão Barroso (1956-), Portuguese politician, prime minister of Portugal 2002-04, president of EU Commission from 2004-2014 | |
| 年轻气盛 | nián qīng qì shèng | full of youthful vigor (idiom) / in the prime of youth | |
| 撇号 | piě hào | apostrophe ' (punct.) / accent mark / prime symbol (math.) | |
| 撒切尔夫人 | Sā qiē ěr Fū ren | Mrs Thatcher / Baroness Thatcher or Margaret Thatcher (1925-2013), British conservative politician, prime minister 1979-1990 | |
| 斯蒂芬·哈珀 | | Stephen Harper (1959-), 22nd Prime Minister of Canada | |
| 春秋鼎盛 | chūn qiū dǐng shèng | the prime of one's life | |
| 梅森素数 | méi sēn sù shù | Mersenne prime number (math.) | |
| 森·喜朗 | | MORI Yoshirō / (1937-), Japanese rugby player and politician, prime minister 2000-2001, famous for numerous gaffes | |
| 波茨坦会议 | Bō cí tǎn huì yì | Potsdam conference, July-August 1945, between Truman, Stalin and British prime ministers Churchill and Attlee | |
| 科什图尼察 | Kē shí tú ní chá | surname Kostunica / Vojislav Kostunica (1944-), Serbian politician, last president of Yugoslavia 2000-2003, prime minister of Serbia 2004-2008 | |
| 索戈拉特斯 | Suǒ gē lā tè sī | Socrates (name) / Jose Socrates, prime minister of Portugal from 2005 | |
| 萧万长 | Xiāo Wàn cháng | Vincent C. Siew (1939-), Taiwanese diplomat and Kuomintang politician, prime minister 1997-2000, vice president 2008-2012 | |
| 萨巴德罗 | Sà bā dé luó | Zapatero (name) / José / Luis Zapatero (1960-), Spanish PSOE politician, prime minister of Spain 2004-2011 | |
| 贝·布托 | | Benazir Bhutto (1953-2007), Pakistani politician, daughter of executed former prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and herself prime minister 1993-1996, murdered by Al Qaeda | |
