| 十六 | shí liù | sixteen / 16 |  |
| 二八 | èr bā | 16 / sixteen | |
| 燕国 | Yān guó | Yan, a vassal state of Zhou in modern Hebei and Liaoning / north Hebei / the four Yan kingdoms of the Sixteen Kingdoms, namely: Former Yan 前燕[Qian2 Yan1] (337-370), Later Yan 後燕|后燕[Hou4 Yan1] (384-409), Southern Yan 南燕[Nan2 Yan1] (398-410), Northern Yan 北燕[Bei3 Yan1] (409-436) | |
| 石勒 | Shí Lè | Shi Le, founder of Later Zhao of the Sixteen Kingdoms 後趙|后赵[Hou4 Zhao4] (319-350) | |
| 十六国 | Shí liù guó | Sixteen Kingdoms of Five non-Han people (ruling most of China 304-439) / also written 五胡十六國|五胡十六国 | |
| 前秦 | Qián Qín | Former Qin of the Sixteen Kingdoms (351-395) | |
| 燕 | Yān | Yan, a vassal state of Zhou in modern Hebei and Liaoning / north Hebei / the four Yan kingdoms of the Sixteen Kingdoms, namely: Former Yan 前燕[Qian2 Yan1] (337-370), Later Yan 後燕|后燕[Hou4 Yan1] (384-409), Southern Yan 南燕[Nan2 Yan1] (398-410), Northern Yan 北燕[Bei3 Yan1] (409-436) / surname Yan |  |
| 后秦 | Hòu Qín | Later Qin of the Sixteen Kingdoms (384-417) | |
| 后燕 | Hòu Yān | Later Yan of the Sixteen Kingdoms (384-409) | |
| 五凉 | Wǔ Liáng | the five Liang of the Sixteen Kingdoms, namely: Former Liang 前涼|前凉 / (314-376), Later Liang 後涼|后凉 / (386-403), Northern Liang 北涼|北凉 / (398-439), Southern Liang 南涼|南凉[Nan2 Liang2] (397-414), Western Liang 西涼|西凉 / (400-421) | |
| 五胡 | Wǔ hú | Five non-Han people, namely: Huns or Xiongnu 匈奴[Xiong1 nu2], Xianbei 鮮卑|鲜卑[Xian1 bei1], Jie 羯[Jie2], Di 氐[Di1], Qiang 羌[Qiang1], esp. in connection with the Sixteen Kingdoms 304-439 五胡十六國|五胡十六国[Wu3 hu2 Shi2 liu4 guo2] | |
| 五胡十六国 | Wǔ hú Shí liù guó | Sixteen Kingdoms of Five non-Han people (ruling most of China 304-439) | |
| 前凉 | Qián Liáng | Former Liang, one of the Sixteen Kingdoms (314-376) | |
| 前燕 | Qián Yān | Former Yan of the Sixteen Kingdoms (337-370) | |
| 前赵 | Qián Zhào | Former Zhao of the Sixteen Kingdoms (304-329) | |
| 刘渊 | Liú Yuān | Liu Yuan (c. 251-310), warlord at the end of the Western Jin dynasty 西晉|西晋[Xi1 Jin4], founder of Cheng Han of the Sixteen Kingdoms 成漢|成汉[Cheng2 Han4] (304-347) | |
| 北凉 | Běi Liáng | Northern Liang of the Sixteen Kingdoms (398-439) | |
| 北燕 | Běi Yān | Northern Yan of the Sixteen Kingdoms (409-436) | |
| 十六国春秋 | Shí liù guó Chūn qiū | history of the Sixteen Kingdoms 304-439 by Cui Hong 崔鴻|崔鸿, written towards the end of Wei of the Northern Dynasties 北魏, 100 scrolls | |
| 南凉 | Nán Liáng | Southern Liang of the Sixteen Kingdoms (397-414) | |
| 南燕 | Nán Yān | Southern Yan of the Sixteen Kingdoms (398-410) | |
| 後凉 | hòu liáng | Later Liang of the Sixteen Kingdoms (386-403) | |
| 后赵 | Hòu Zhào | Later Zhao of the Sixteen Kingdoms (319-350) | |
| 成汉 | Chéng Hàn | Cheng Han of the Sixteen Kingdoms (304-347) | |
| 西凉 | Xī Liáng | Western Liang of the Sixteen Kingdoms (400-421) | |
| 西秦 | Xī Qín | Western Qin of the Sixteen Kingdoms (385-431) | |
| 后凉 | Hòu Liáng | Later Liang of the Sixteen Kingdoms (386-403) | |
| 十六国集团 | | Group of Sixteen | |
