| 针对 | zhēn duì | to target / to focus on / to be aimed at or against / in response to |   |
| 防止 | fáng zhǐ | to prevent / to guard against / to take precautions | |
| 反对 | fǎn duì | to fight against / to oppose / to be opposed to / opposition | |
| 预防 | yù fáng | to prevent / to take precautions against / to protect / to guard against / precautionary / prophylactic | |
| 冲击 | chōng jī | to attack / to batter / (of waves) to pound against / shock / impact | |
| 防范 | fáng fàn | to be on guard / wariness / to guard against / preventive | |
| 偏偏 | piān piān | (indicates that sth turns out just the opposite of what one would wish) unfortunately / as it happened / (indicates that sth is the opposite of what would be normal or reasonable) stubbornly / contrarily / against reason / (indicates that sb or a group is singled out) precisely / only / of all people | |
| 防盗 | fáng dào | to guard against theft / anti-theft | |
| 起诉 | qǐ sù | to sue / to bring a lawsuit against / to prosecute | |
| 歧视 | qí shì | to discriminate against / discrimination | |
| 出乎 | chū hū | due to / to stem from / to go beyond (also fig. beyond reason, expectations etc) / to go against (expectations) | |
| 抗战 | kàng zhàn | war of resistance, especially the war against Japan (1937-1945) | |
| 违背 | wéi bèi | to go against / to be contrary to / to violate | |
| 防火 | fáng huǒ | to protect against fire | |
| 较量 | jiào liàng | to pit oneself against sb / to compete with sb / contest / battle / to haggle / to quibble | |
| 备战 | bèi zhàn | prepared against war / to prepare for war / warmongering | |
| 反恐 | fǎn kǒng | anti-terrorism / to fight against terrorism | |
| 对立 | duì lì | to oppose / to set sth against / to be antagonistic to / antithetical / relative opposite / opposing / diametrical | |
| 围攻 | wéi gōng | to besiege / to beleaguer / to attack from all sides / to jointly speak or write against sb | |
| 防备 | fáng bèi | to guard against | |
| 竞价 | jìng jià | price competition / bid (in an auction) / to compete on price / to bid against sb | |
| 提防 | dī fáng | to guard against / to be vigilant / watch you don't (slip) / also pr. [ti2 fang2] | |
| 上行 | shàng xíng | (of trains) up (i.e. towards the capital) / (of river boats) to go against the current / to submit (a document) to higher authorities | |
| 开战 | kāi zhàn | to start a war / to make war / to battle against | |
| 不得已 | bù dé yǐ | to act against one's will / to have no alternative but to / to have to / to have no choice / must | |
| 戒备 | jiè bèi | to take precautions / to guard against (emergency) | |
| 怨恨 | yuàn hèn | to resent / to harbor a grudge against / to loathe / resentment / rancor | |
| 斗气 | dòu qì | to have a grudge against | |
| 抗日战争 | Kàng Rì Zhàn zhēng | (China's) War of Resistance against Japan (1937-1945) | |
| 保暖 | bǎo nuǎn | to stay warm / to protect against the cold | |
| 五四 | wǔ sì | fourth of May, cf 五四運動|五四运动, national renewal movement that started with 4th May 1919 protest against the Treaty of Versailles | |
| 紧贴 | jǐn tiē | to stick close to / to press up against | |
| 陷害 | xiàn hài | to entrap / to set up / to frame (up) / to make false charges against | |
| 依偎 | yī wēi | to nestle against / to snuggle up to | |
| 谨防 | jǐn fáng | to guard against / to beware of | |
| 作对 | zuò duì | to set oneself against / to oppose / to make a pair | |
| 暗算 | àn suàn | to plot against | |
| 防毒 | fáng dú | defense against poison / defense against poison gas / anti-narcotics measures / defense against computer viruses | |
| 免受 | miǎn shòu | to avoid suffering / to prevent (sth bad) / to protect against (damage) / immunity (from prosecution) / freedom (from pain, damage etc) / exempt from punishment | |
| 劝阻 | quàn zǔ | to advise against / to dissuade | |
| 检举 | jiǎn jǔ | to report (an offense to the authorities) / to inform against sb | |
| 围剿 | wéi jiǎo | to encircle and annihilate / refers to repeated campaigns of the Guomindang against the communists from 1930 onwards | |
| 防潮 | fáng cháo | damp proof / moisture proof / protection against tides | |
| 严打 | yán dǎ | to crack down on / to take severe measures against | |
| 控诉 | kòng sù | to accuse / to denounce / to make a complaint against / denunciation | |
| 讨伐 | tǎo fá | to suppress by armed force / to send a punitive expedition against / to crusade against | |
| 防震 | fáng zhèn | shockproof / to guard against earthquakes | |
| 紧靠 | jǐn kào | to be right next to / to lean closely against | |
| 何乐而不为 | hé lè ér bù wéi | What can you have against it? (idiom) / We should do this. / Go for it! | |
| 逆流 | nì liú | against the stream / adverse current / a countercurrent / fig. reactionary tendency / to go against the trend | |
| 防不胜防 | fáng bù shèng fáng | you can't guard against it (idiom) / impossible to defend effectively / not much one can do about it / It can't be prevented. | |
| 把柄 | bǎ bǐng | handle / (fig.) information that can be used against sb | |
| 抵住 | dǐ zhù | to resist / to press against / to brace | |
| 较劲 | jiào jìn | to match one's strength with / to compete / more competitive / to set oneself against sb / disobliging / to make a special effort | |
| 冷不防 | lěng bu fáng | unexpectedly / suddenly / at unawares / off guard / against expectations | |
| 耐腐蚀 | nài fǔ shí | proof against corrosion | |
| 防灾 | fáng zāi | disaster prevention / to protect against natural disasters | |
| 逆风 | nì fēng | to go against the wind / contrary wind / a headwind | |
| 扫黄 | sǎo huáng | campaign against pornography | |
| 相争 | xiāng zhēng | to vie against one another / to fight each other / mutual aggression | |
| 诬陷 | wū xiàn | to entrap / to frame / to plant false evidence against sb | |
| 北伐 | Běi fá | the Northern Expedition, the Nationalists' campaign of 1926-1928 under Chiang Kai-shek, against the rule of local warlords | |
| 敌视 | dí shì | hostile / malevolence / antagonism / to view as enemy / to stand against | |
| 对垒 | duì lěi | to face off against one's adversary (military, sports etc) | |
| 吴三桂 | Wú Sān guì | Wu Sangui (1612-1678), Chinese general who let the Manchus into China and helped them establish the Qing Dynasty, later leading a revolt against Qing in an effort to start his own dynasty | |
| 御寒 | yù hán | to defend against the cold / to keep warm | |
| 倚靠 | yǐ kào | to lean on / to rest against / to rely on / support / backing / back of a chair | |
| 防患 | fáng huàn | preventative measures / to guard against accident or disaster | |
| 奸臣 | jiān chén | a treacherous court official / a minister who conspires against the state | |
| 力挽狂澜 | lì wǎn kuáng lán | to pull strongly against a crazy tide (idiom) / fig. to try hard to save a desperate crisis | |
| 谋反 | móu fǎn | to plot a rebellion / to conspire against the state | |
| 逆行 | nì xíng | to go the wrong way / to go against one-way traffic regulation | |
| 分辩 | fēn biàn | to explain the facts / to defend against an accusation | |
| 钻牛角尖 | zuān niú jiǎo jiān | lit. to penetrate into a bull's horn (idiom) / fig. to waste time on an insoluble or insignificant problem / to bash one's head against a brick wall / a wild goose chase / a blind alley / to split hairs | |
| 顶风 | dǐng fēng | to face into the wind / against the wind / fig. against the law | |
| 谋害 | móu hài | to conspire to murder / to plot against sb's life | |
| 反间谍 | fǎn jiàn dié | counterintelligence / protection against espionage | |
| 违心 | wéi xīn | false / untrue to one's convictions / against one's will / disloyal | |
| 抗灾 | kàng zāi | defense against natural disasters | |
| 厚薄 | hòu bó | to favor one and discriminate against the other (abbr. for 厚此薄彼[hou4 ci3 bo2 bi3]) | |
| 反渗透 | fǎn shèn tòu | anti-infiltration (measures taken against subversive external forces) / (chemistry) reverse osmosis | |
| 五四运动 | Wǔ sì Yùn dòng | May Fourth Movement / Chinese national renewal movement that started with 4th May 1919 protest against the Treaty of Versailles | |
| 告密 | gào mì | to inform against sb | |
| 抗诉 | kàng sù | to protest against a verdict / to lodge an appeal | |
| 万难 | wàn nán | countless difficulties / extremely difficult / against all odds | |
| 背井离乡 | bèi jǐng lí xiāng | to leave one's native place, esp. against one's will (idiom) | |
| 争分夺秒 | zhēng fēn duó miǎo | lit. fight minutes, snatch seconds (idiom) / a race against time / making every second count | |
| 兴师问罪 | xīng shī wèn zuì | to send punitive forces against / (fig.) to criticize violently | |
| 同仇敌忾 | tóng chóu dí kài | anger against a common enemy (idiom) / joined in opposition to the same adversary | |
| 上善若水 | shàng shàn ruò shuǐ | the ideal is to be like water (which benefits all living things and does not struggle against them) (quotation from the "Book of Dao" 道德經|道德经[Dao4 de2 jing1]) | |
| 新文化运动 | Xīn Wén huà Yùn dòng | the New Culture Movement (mid-1910s and 1920s), intellectual revolution against Confucianism aiming to introduce Western elements, especially democracy and science | |
| 钟馗 | Zhōng Kuí | Zhong Kui (mythological figure, supposed to drive away evil spirits) / (fig.) a person with the courage to fight against evil | |
| 赶工 | gǎn gōng | to work against the clock / to hurry with work to get it done in time | |
| 逆水行舟 | nì shuǐ xíng zhōu | lit. navigating a boat against the current (idiom) / fig. in a tough environment (one needs to work hard) | |
| 反兴奋剂 | fǎn xīng fèn jì | anti-doping / anti-stimulant / policy against drugs in sports | |
| 离经叛道 | lí jīng pàn dào | to rebel against orthodoxy / to depart from established practices | |
| 鸣不平 | míng bù píng | to cry out against injustice / to protest unfairness | |
| 廉署 | lián shǔ | ICAC Independent Commission Against Corruption, Hong Kong | |
| 力排众议 | lì pái zhòng yì | to stand one's ground against the opinion of the masses (idiom) | |
| 逆水 | nì shuǐ | against the current / upstream | |
