Da Qiao, one of the Two Qiaos, according to Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三國演義|三国演义[San1 guo2 Yan3 yi4], the two great beauties of ancient China
孙子
Sūn zǐ
Sun Tzu, also known as Sun Wu 孫武|孙武[Sun1 Wu3] (c. 500 BC, dates of birth and death uncertain), general, strategist and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn Period (700-475 BC), believed to be the author of the “Art of War&rdquo / 孫子兵法|孙子兵法[Sun1 zi3 Bing1 fa3], one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書|武经七书[Wu3 jing1 Qi1 shu1]
Qidan or Khitan, ethnic group in ancient China, a branch of the Eastern Hu people inhabiting the valley of the Xar Murun River in the upper reaches of the Liao River 遼河|辽河[Liao2 He2]
鸿沟
hóng gōu
(fig.) gulf / chasm / wide gap / (originally) the Hong Canal in Henan, which in ancient times formed the border between enemies Chu 楚 / and Han 漢|汉
son / child / seed / egg / small thing / 1st earthly branch: 11 p.m.-1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the Rat / Viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位[wu3 deng3 jue2 wei4] / ancient Chinese compass point: 0° / (north) / subsidiary / subordinate / sub-
li, ancient measure of length, approx. 500 m / neighborhood / ancient administrative unit of 25 families / (Tw) borough, administrative unit between the township 鎮|镇[zhen4] and neighborhood 鄰|邻[lin2] levels
ancient human species such as Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis
笑林
Xiào lín
Jokes (title of an ancient collection of jokes, often used in the title of modern collections of jokes)
孙武
Sūn Wǔ
Sun Wu, also known as Sun Tzu 孫子|孙子[Sun1 zi3] (c. 500 BC, dates of birth and death uncertain), general, strategist and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn Period (700-475 BC), believed to be the author of the “Art of War&rdquo / 孫子兵法|孙子兵法[Sun1 zi3 Bing1 fa3], one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書|武经七书[Wu3 jing1 Qi1 shu1]
Jiang Ziya (c. 1100 BC, dates of birth and death unknown), partly mythical sage advisor to King Wen of Zhou 周文王[Zhou1 Wen2 wang2] and purported author of “Six Secret Strategic Teachings&rdquo / 六韜|六韬[Liu4 tao1], one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書|武经七书[Wu3 jing1 Qi1 shu1]
凤凰古城
Fèng huáng Gǔ chéng
Fenghuang Ancient Town, in Fenghuang County, Xiangxi Prefecture, Hunan, added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List in 2008 in the Cultural category
漕河
cáo hé
waterway used for the transportation of grain (in ancient times) (esp. the Grand Canal 大運河|大运河[Da4 Yun4 he2])
鞑靼
Dá dá
Tartar (various northern tribes in ancient China) / Tatar (Turkic ethnic group in central Asia)
ancient classification system for musical instruments, based on the material of which the instrument is made (metal 金, stone 石, clay 土, leather 革, silk 絲|丝, wood 木, gourd 匏, bamboo 竹) / the eight kinds of sound produced by instruments in these categories / music
四大美女
sì dà měi nu:3
the four legendary beauties of ancient China, namely: Xishi 西施[Xi1 shi1], Wang Zhaojun 王昭君[Wang2 Zhao1 jun1], Diaochan 貂蟬|貂蝉[Diao1 Chan2] and Yang Yuhuan 楊玉環|杨玉环[Yang2 Yu4 huan2]
太学
Tài xué
Imperial College of Supreme Learning, established in 124 BC, and the highest educational institute in ancient China until the Sui Dynasty
震旦
Zhèn dàn
ancient Indian name for China
科林斯
Kē lín sī
Corinth (city of ancient Greece)
井田
jǐng tián
the well-field system of ancient China
墓道
mù dào
path leading to a grave / tomb passage / aisle leading to the coffin chamber of an ancient tomb
弦歌
xián gē
to sing to a string accompaniment / education (a reference to teaching the people Confucian values by means of song in ancient times)
leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) / sculpted stone tiger installed at the tomb of revered figures in ancient times to ward off evil spirits
虎符
hǔ fú
tiger tally (a two-piece object made in the shape of a tiger, used in ancient China as proof of authority. One half of a tally could be issued to a military officer and this would be matched with the other half when verification was required.)
针砭
zhēn biān
to critique / to voice concerns about / ancient form of acupuncture using sharp stones as needles
夷狄
yí dí
non-Han tribes in the east and north of ancient China / barbarians
钢叉
gāng chā
pitchfork / garden fork / restraining pole (used by police) / military fork (of ancient times)
占城
Zhàn chéng
Champa (Sanskrit: Campapura or Campanagara), ancient kingdom in the South of Vietnam c. 200-1693
月氏
Yuè zhī
ancient people of central Asia during the Han dynasty
not yet / did not / have not / not / 8th earthly branch: 1-3 p.m., 6th solar month (7th July-6th August), year of the Sheep / ancient Chinese compass point: 210°
重农
zhòng nóng
to stress the importance of agriculture (in ancient philosophy)
zǐ