"明" • Chinese-English Dictionary

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明
Trad. 明
Radical
Radical
(Bushou)		 日
Strokes 4
Composition
Strokes 8
Structure
Decomp. 日月
Prononciation
Mandarin míng
Entry Methods
Pinyin ming2
Kanji /
Cangjie
 AB
日月
Sijiao 6702.0
Wubi JEG
CNS 11643 1-4D7C
Encodages (hexa)
Unicode U+660E
GB2312 C3F7
BIG5 A9FA
明 míng bright / opposite: dark 暗[an4] / (of meaning) clear / to understand / next / public or open / wise / generic term for a sacrifice to the gods
Results beginning with 明
明显 míng xiǎn clear / distinct / obvious
明白 míng bai clear / obvious / unequivocal / sensible / reasonable / to understand / to realize
明确 míng què clear-cut / definite / explicit / to clarify / to specify / to make definite
明天 míng tiān tomorrow
明星 míng xīng star / celebrity
明年 míng nián next year
明明 míng míng obviously / plainly / undoubtedly / definitely
明亮 míng liàng bright / shining / glittering / to become clear
明日 míng rì tomorrow
明月 míng yuè bright moon / refers to 夜明珠, a legendary pearl that can glow in the dark / CL:輪|轮[lun2]
明了 míng liǎo to understand clearly / to be clear about / plain / clear
明珠 míng zhū pearl / jewel (of great value)
明知 míng zhī to be fully aware of / to know perfectly well
明智 míng zhì sensible / wise / judicious / sagacious
明代 Míng dài the Ming dynasty (1368-1644)
明媚 míng mèi bright and beautiful
明朗 míng lǎng bright / clear / obvious / forthright / open-minded / bright and cheerful
明朝 Míng cháo Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
明朝 míng zhāo tomorrow morning / the following morning
明清 Míng Qīng the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties
明细 míng xì clear and detailed / definite / details (are as follows:)
明文 míng wén to state in writing (laws, rules etc)
明晰 míng xī clear / well-defined / limpid
明示 míng shì to state explicitly / to clearly indicate
明镜 míng jìng mirror (as a metaphor for sth beautiful, bright and flat &ndash / such as a lake &ndash / or sth that provides clarity and insight)
明理 míng lǐ sensible / reasonable / an obvious reason, truth or fact / to understand the reason or reasoning
明令 míng lìng to decree
明早 míng zǎo tomorrow morning / tomorrow
明末 Míng mò late Ming / first half of the 17th century
明教 Míng jiào Manichaeism
明治 Míng zhì Meiji, Japanese era name, corresponding to the reign (1868-1912) of the Meiji emperor
明德 Míng dé highest virtue / illustrious virtue
明儿 míng r (coll.) tomorrow / one of these days / some day
明净 míng jìng bright and clean / luminous
明报 Míng Bào Ming Pao newspaper (Hong Kong)
明火 míng huǒ flame / open fire
明言 míng yán to say clearly / to argue clearly / to pronounce / pronounced
明证 míng zhèng clear proof
明码 míng mǎ non-secret code (such as Morse code, Chinese telegraph code, ASCII etc) / plaintext (cryptography) / (of prices) clearly marked
明丽 míng lì bright and beautiful / (of a landscape) gorgeous / (of a color) vibrant
明志 míng zhì to demonstrate one's sincere convictions
明达 míng dá reasonable / of good judgment
明史 Míng shǐ History of the Ming Dynasty, twenty fourth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled under Zhang Tingyu 張廷玉|张廷玉[Zhang1 Ting2 yu4] in 1739 during the Qing Dynasty, 332 scrolls
明灭 míng miè to flicker / to flash on and off / to brighten and fade
明胶 míng jiāo gelatin
明处 míng chù clear place / out in the open
明慧 míng huì intelligent / brilliant
明澈 míng chè clear / limpid
明子 míng zi see 松明[song1 ming2]
明察 míng chá to note clearly / to perceive
明辨 míng biàn to discern / to distinguish clearly
明矾 míng fán alum
明渠 míng qú (open, uncovered) water channel / canal
明仁 Míng rén Akihito, personal name of the Heisei 平成[Ping2 cheng2] emperor of Japan (1933-), reigned 1989-2019
明虾 míng xiā prawn
明初 Míng chū the early Ming (i.e. from second half of 14th century)
明订 míng dìng see 訂明|订明[ding4ming2]
明沟 míng gōu open drainage channel / ditch
明光 Míng guāng Mingguang, a county-level city in Chuzhou 滁州[Chu2 zhou1], Anhui
明和 Míng hé Minghe, rail station in South Taiwan / Meiwa (Japanese reign name 1764-1772) / Meiwa (common name for Japanese companies or schools)
明皎 míng jiǎo clear and bright
明里 míng li publicly / outwardly / professedly
明膫 míng liáo manifest
明山 Míng shān Mingshan, a district of Benxi 本溪市[Ben3xi1 Shi4], Liaoning
明手 míng shǒu dummy (in bridge)
明水 Míng shuǐ Mingshui county in Suihua 綏化|绥化, Heilongjiang
明邃 míng suì glistening and piercing
明体 míng tǐ Mincho / Song font
明晚 míng wǎn tomorrow evening
明溪 Míng xī Mingxi, a county in Sanming City 三明市[San1ming2 Shi4], Fujian
明应 míng yīng Meio
明喻 míng yù simile
明杖 míng zhàng white cane (used by the blind)
» MORE
明信片 míng xìn piàn postcard
明摆着 míng bǎi zhe evident / clear / undoubted
明细表 míng xì biǎo schedule / subsidiary ledger / a detailed list
明晃晃 míng huǎng huǎng shining / bright
明眼人 míng yǎn rén perspicacious person / sb with a discerning eye / sighted person (as opposed to blind)
明太祖 Míng Tài zǔ Ming Taizu, temple name of first Ming emperor Hongwu 洪武[Hong2 wu3]
明斯克 Míng sī kè Minsk, capital of Belarus
明孝陵 Míng xiào líng Ming tombs in Nanjing, tomb of founding Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋[Zhu1 Yuan2 zhang1], a World Heritage site
明朝体 Míng cháo tǐ Mincho font
明成祖 Míng Chéng zǔ Ming Chengzu, temple name of third Ming Emperor Yongle 永樂|永乐[Yong3 le4]
明德镇 Míng dé zhèn Middlebury (name of town in Vermont)
明光度 míng guāng dù luminosity
明光蓝 míng guāng lán lavender blue
明光市 Míng guāng shì Mingguang, a county-level city in Chuzhou 滁州[Chu2 zhou1], Anhui
明古鲁 Míng gǔ lǔ Bengkulu (Indonesian town on the south coast of Sumatra)
明仁宗 Míng Rén zōng Ming Renzong, temple name of fourth Ming emperor Zhu Gaochi 朱高熾|朱高炽[Zhu1 Gao1 chi4]
明儿个 míng r ge (coll.) tomorrow
明山区 Míng shān qū Mingshan, a district of Benxi 本溪市[Ben3xi1 Shi4], Liaoning
明实录 míng shí lù Ming Veritable Records, imperial annals of the emperors of the Ming Dynasty
明水县 Míng shuǐ xiàn Mingshui county in Suihua 綏化|绥化, Heilongjiang
明天见 míng tiān jiàn see you tomorrow / (coll., jocular) food that passes through the digestive system more or less intact (esp. enoki mushrooms)
明天启 Míng Tiān qǐ Tianqi Emperor, reign name of fifteenth Ming emperor Zhu Youxiao 朱由校[Zhu1 You2 xiao4] (1605-1627), reigned 1620-1627, temple name 明熹宗[Ming2 Xi1 zong1]
明武宗 Míng Wǔ zōng Ming Wuzong, temple name of eleventh Ming emperor Zhengde 正德[Zheng4 de2]
明溪县 Míng xī xiàn Mingxi, a county in Sanming City 三明市[San1ming2 Shi4], Fujian
明熹宗 Míng Xī zōng Ming Xizong, temple name of fifteenth Ming emperor Tianqi 明天啟|明天启[Ming2 Tian1 qi3]
明宣宗 Míng Xuān zōng temple name of fifth Ming emperor Xuande 宣德[Xuan1 de2]
明目张胆 míng mù zhāng dǎn openly and without fear / brazenly
明争暗斗 míng zhēng àn dòu (idiom) to fight openly and maneuver covertly
明知故问 míng zhī gù wèn to ask a question, already knowing the answer
明智之举 míng zhì zhī jǔ sensible act
明尼苏达 Míng ní sū dá Minnesota, USA
明哲保身 míng zhé bǎo shēn a wise man looks after his own hide (idiom) / to put one's own safety before matters of principle
明治维新 Míng zhì Wéi xīn Meiji Restoration (Japan, 1868)
明察秋毫 míng chá qiū háo lit. seeing clearly the downy feathers of autumn (idiom, from Mencius) / fig. perceptive of even the finest detail
明辨是非 míng biàn shì fēi to distinguish right and wrong (idiom)
明察暗访 míng chá àn fǎng open enquiries and secret search (idiom) / to investigate openly and in secret / taking information from all sides
明知故犯 míng zhī gù fàn deliberate violation (idiom) / intentional crime
明日黄花 míng rì huáng huā lit. chrysanthemums after the Double Ninth Festival (idiom) / fig. outdated / thing of the past / dead letter
明十三陵 Míng shí sān líng the Ming tombs (mausoleum park of the Ming emperors in Changping district of Beijing)
明镜高悬 míng jìng gāo xuán perspicacious and impartial in judgment (idiom)
明窗净几 míng chuāng jìng jī lit. clear window and clean table (idiom) / fig. bright and clean (room)
明媒正娶 míng méi zhèng qǔ to be officially wed
明眸皓齿 míng móu hào chǐ to have bright eyes and white teeth
明月清风 míng yuè qīng fēng see 清風明月|清风明月[qing1 feng1 ming2 yue4]
明珠暗投 míng zhū àn tóu to cast pearls before swine (idiom) / not to get proper recognition for one's talents
明显损害  appreciable harm
明暗界线 míng àn jiè xiàn terminator
明查暗访 míng chá àn fǎng open enquiries and secret search (idiom) / to investigate openly and in secret / taking information from all sides
明达事理 míng dá shì lǐ reasonable / sensible
明德学院 Míng dé Xué yuàn Middlebury College, private liberal arts college in Middlebury, Vermont
明洞圣堂 míng dòng shèng táng Myeongdong
明多陆安 míng duō lù ān Mindolluin
明岗暗哨 míng gǎng àn shào both covert and undercover (officers) keeping watch (idiom)
明古鲁市 Míng gǔ lǔ shì Bengkulu (Indonesian town on the south coast of Sumatra)
明里暗里 míng lǐ àn lǐ both publicly and privately / both overtly and secretly / both explicitly and implicitly
明码电报 míng mǎ diàn bào clear message
明末清初 Míng mò Qīng chū late Ming and early Qing / around the middle of the 17th century
明升暗降 míng shēng àn jiàng (idiom) to kick sb upstairs
明文规定 míng wén guī dìng expressly stipulated (in writing)
明知故问 míng zhī - gù wèn (idiom) to ask a question, already knowing the answer
明尼苏达州 Míng ní sū dá zhōu Minnesota
明智的决定  informed decision
明斯克程序  Minsk process
明斯克小组 míng sī kè xiǎo zǔ Minsk Group
明尼阿波利斯 Míng ní ā bō lì sī Minneapolis, a nameplace in the USA, notably in Minnesota
明人不做暗事 míng rén bù zuò àn shì an honest person does not act surreptitiously (idiom)
明确同意的标准  positive consent standards
明尼·米纳维派 míng ní middot;mǐ nà wéi pài Minawi faction / Minni Minawi faction
明显的句法线索 míng xiǎn de jù fǎ xiàn suǒ explicit syntactic cue
明希豪森综合征 míng xī háo sēn zōng hé zhēng Munchausen Syndrome
明知故犯干扰司法  knowingly and wilfully interfere with the administration of justice
明尼苏达人权宣传会  Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights
明枪好躲，暗箭难防 míng qiāng hǎo duǒ , àn jiàn nán fáng lit. easy to dodge the spear in the open, hard to avoid a stab in the dark (idiom) / it is hard to guard against secret conspiracies
明枪易躲，暗箭难防 míng qiāng yì duǒ , àn jiàn nán fáng lit. easy to dodge the spear in the open, hard to avoid a stab in the dark (idiom) / it is hard to guard against secret conspiracies
明修栈道，暗渡陈仓 míng xiū zhàn dào , àn dù Chén cāng lit. repair the plank road by day while secretly crossing the Wei River 渭河[Wei4 He2] at Chencang (idiom, refers to a stratagem used by Liu Bang 劉邦|刘邦[Liu2 Bang1] in 206 BC against Xiang Yu 項羽|项羽[Xiang4 Yu3] of Chu) / fig. to feign one thing while doing another / to cheat under cover of a diversion
明尼苏达多相人格测验  Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
明知山有虎，偏向虎山行 míng zhī shān yǒu hǔ , piān xiàng hǔ shān xíng lit. to willfully go towards the mountain although knowing that it has tigers (idiom) / fig. to take a risk despite knowing the dangers
Approximate Results for 明
说明 shuō míng to explain / to illustrate / to indicate / to show / to prove / explanation / directions / caption / CL:個|个[ge4]
声明 shēng míng to state / to declare / statement / declaration / CL:項|项[xiang4],份[fen4]
证明 zhèng míng proof / certificate / identification / testimonial / CL:個|个[ge4] / to prove / to testify / to confirm the truth of
文明 wén míng civilized / civilization / culture / CL:個|个[ge4]
表明 biǎo míng to make clear / to make known / to state clearly / to indicate / known
注明 zhù míng to clearly indicate
聪明 cōng ming intelligent / clever / bright / acute (of sight and hearing)
透明 tòu míng transparent / (fig.) transparent / open to scrutiny
昆明 Kūn míng see 昆明市[Kun1ming2 Shi4]
光明 guāng míng light / radiance / (fig.) bright (prospects etc) / openhearted
不明 bù míng not clear / unknown / to fail to understand
发明 fā míng to invent / an invention / CL:個|个[ge4]
照明 zhào míng lighting / illumination / to light up / to illuminate
分明 fēn míng clear / distinct / evidently / clearly
黎明 lí míng dawn / daybreak
鲜明 xiān míng (of colors) bright / fresh and clear / clear-cut / distinct
高明 gāo míng brilliant / superior / wise
申明 shēn míng to declare / to aver / to state formally
精明 jīng míng astute / shrewd / smart
标明 biāo míng to mark / to indicate
清明 qīng míng clear and bright / sober and calm / (of a government or administration) well ordered
查明 chá míng to investigate and find out / to ascertain
指明 zhǐ míng to show clearly / to designate / to indicate
简明 jiǎn míng simple and clear / concise
英明 yīng míng wise / brilliant
天明 tiān míng dawn / daybreak
失明 shī míng to lose one's eyesight / to become blind / blindness
通明 tōng míng brightly lit
阐明 chǎn míng to elucidate / to explain clearly / to expound
摆明 bǎi míng to show clearly
神明 shén míng deities / gods
孔明 Kǒng míng courtesy name of Zhuge Liang 諸葛亮|诸葛亮[Zhu1 ge3 Liang4]
流明 liú míng lumen (unit of light flux) (loanword)
开明 kāi míng enlightened / open-minded / enlightenment
启明 Qǐ míng Classical Chinese name for planet Venus in the east before dawn
载明 zǎi míng to state explicitly in writing / to specify / to stipulate
探明 tàn míng to ascertain / to verify
阿明 A1 míng Al-Amin
严明 yán míng strict and impartial / firm
无明 wú míng avidya (Buddhism) / ignorance / delusion
讲明 jiǎng míng to explain
王明 Wáng Míng Wang Ming (1904-1974), Soviet-trained Chinese communist, Comintern and Soviet stooge and left adventurist in the 1930s, fell out with Mao and moved to Soviet Union from 1956
金明 Jīn míng Jinming district of Kaifeng city 開封市|开封市[Kai1 feng1 shi4], Henan
言明 yán míng to state clearly
圣明 shèng míng enlightened sage / brilliant master (flattering words applied to ruler)
验明 yàn míng to ascertain / to identify / to verify (sb's identity etc)
显明 xiǎn míng obvious / evident / conspicuous / prominent / distinct / apparent
幽明 yōu míng the hidden and the visible / that which can be seen and that which cannot / darkness and light / night and day / wisdom and ignorance / evil and good / the living and the dead / men and ghosts
贤明 xián míng wise and capable / sagacious
昌明 chāng míng flourishing / thriving
辨明 biàn míng to clarify / to distinguish / to elucidate
判明 pàn míng to distinguish / to ascertain
决明 jué míng (botany) cassia
认明 rèn míng to identify / to authenticate
辩明 biàn míng to explain clearly / to elucidate
薄明 bó míng dim light / early dawn
崇明 Chóng míng Chongming island county, Shanghai
点明 diǎn míng to point out
订明 dìng míng to stipulate / to state expressly
东明 Dōng míng Dongming county in Heze 菏澤|菏泽[He2 ze2], Shandong
复明 fù Míng to regain one's eyesight / (astronomy) emersion
坚明 jiān míng to consolidate and clarify
晶明 jīng míng bright / shiny
列明 liè míng to list / to specify
南明 Nán míng Nanming District of Guiyang City 貴陽市|贵阳市[Gui4 yang2 Shi4], Guizhou
宁明 Níng míng Ningming county in Chongzuo 崇左[Chong2 zuo3], Guangxi
平明 píng míng (literary) dawn / daybreak / impartial and astute
秋明 qiū míng Tyumen
三明 Sān míng see 三明市[San1ming2 Shi4]
思明 Sī míng Siming, a district of Xiamen 廈門市|厦门市[Xia4men2 Shi4], Fujian
嵩明 Sōng míng Songming county in Kunming 昆明[Kun1 ming2], Yunnan
松明 sōng míng pine torch
挑明 tiǎo míng to illuminate / to open up (a topic)
微明 wēi míng twilight
宣明 xuān míng to declare
叙明 xù míng detailed accounting
阳明 Yáng míng Yangming district of Mudanjiang city 牡丹江市, Heilongjiang
姚明 Yáo Míng Yao Ming (1980-), retired Chinese basketball player, played for CBA Shanghai Sharks 1997-2002 and for NBA Houston Rockets 2002-2011
幽明 yōu - míng the hidden and the visible / that which can be seen and that which cannot / darkness and light / night and day / wisdom and ignorance / evil and good / the living and the dead / men and ghosts
彰明 zhāng míng to show clearly / to make public / obvious
质明 zhì míng at dawn
» MORE
不明白 bù míng bái does not understand / fails to realize (intuitively) what is going on
说明书 shuō míng shū (technical) manual / (book of) directions / synopsis (of a play or film) / specification (patent) / CL:本[ben3]
透明度 tòu míng dù transparency / (policy of) openness
半透明 bàn tòu míng translucent / semitransparent
不明确 bù míng què indefinite / unclear
证明书 zhèng míng shū certificate
伯明翰 Bó míng hàn Birmingham
清明节 Qīng míng jié Qingming or Pure Brightness Festival or Tomb Sweeping Day, celebration for the dead (in early April)
不透明 bù tòu míng opaque
发明人 fā míng rén inventor
三明治 sān míng zhì (loanword) sandwich
陶渊明 Táo Yuān míng Tao Yuanming (c. 365-427), Jin dynasty writer and poet
发明家 fā míng jiā inventor
胡志明 Hú Zhì míng Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969), former Vietnamese leader / see also 胡志明市[Hu2 Zhi4 ming2 Shi4]
启明星 qǐ míng xīng (astronomy) Venus
发明者 fā míng zhě inventor
阳明山 Yáng míng Shān Mt Yangming in Hunan / Mt Yangming in north Taiwan, near Taibei
伏明霞 Fú Míng xiá Fu Mingxia (1978-), Chinese diving champion
古文明 gǔ wén míng ancient civilization
海明威 Hǎi míng wēi Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), American novelist and journalist
决明子 jué míng zǐ (botany) cassia seed
唐明皇 Táng Míng huáng Emperor Ming of Tang (685-762), also known as Emperor Xuanzong of Tang 唐玄宗[Tang2 Xuan2 zong1], reigned 712-756
王阳明 Wáng Yáng míng Wang Yangming (1472-1529), Ming dynasty Neo-Confucian philosopher, influential in the School of Mind 心學|心学[xin1 xue2]
赶明儿 gǎn míng r (coll.) some day / one of these days
长明灯 cháng míng dēng altar lamp burning day and night
崇明岛 Chóng míng Dǎo Chongming Island
陈炯明 Chén Jiǒng míng Chen Jiongming (1878-1933), a leading warlord of Guangdong faction, defeated in 1925 and fled to Hong Kong
照明弹 zhào míng dàn flare / star shell
施明德 Shī Míng dé Shih Ming-teh (1941-), Taiwanese politician, imprisoned 1962-1977 and 1980-1990 under the Guomindang, subsequently a leader of DPP 民進黨|民进党, in 2006 led protests against Chen Shui-Bian 陳水扁|陈水扁[Chen2 Shui3 bian3]
决明属  senna / cassia
透明的  transparent
班雅明 Bān yǎ míng Benjamin (name)
本杰明 Běn jié míng Benjamin (person name)
陈志明 chén zhì míng Dominic
崇明县 Chóng míng xiàn Chongming island county, Shanghai
崔明慧 Cuī Míng huì Christine Choy (1964-), Chinese-American film director
大明湖 Dà míng Hú Daming Lake in Jinan 濟南|济南[Ji3 nan2], Shandong
大明历 Dà míng lì the 5th century Chinese calendar established by Zu Chongzhi 祖沖之|祖冲之
大明虾 dà míng xiā king prawn
电照明 diàn zhào míng electric lighting
东明县 Dōng míng xiàn Dongming county in Heze 菏澤|菏泽[He2 ze2], Shandong
高明区 Gāo míng qū Gaoming, a district of Foshan 佛山市[Fo2shan1 Shi4], Guangdong
光明节 Guāng míng jié Hanukkah (Chanukah), 8 day Jewish holiday starting on the 25th day of Kislev (can occur from late Nov up to late Dec on Gregorian calendar) / also called 哈努卡節|哈努卡节 / and simply 哈努卡
光明星 guāng míng xīng bright star / name of North Korean space satellite
郭敬明 Guō Jìng míng Guo Jingming (1983-), Chinese young-adult fiction writer and teen pop idol
汉明帝 Hàn Míng Dì Emperor Ming of Han (28-75), Western Han Dynasty Emperor 58-75
黑泽明 Hēi zé Míng Kurosawa Akira (1910-1998) Japanese movie director
怀俄明 Huái é míng Wyoming, US state
黄晓明 huáng xiǎo míng Huang
金明区 Jīn míng qū Jinming district of Kaifeng city 開封市|开封市[Kai1 feng1 shi4], Henan
孔明灯 kǒng míng dēng sky lantern (miniature hot-air balloon used during festivals)
昆明湖 Kūn míng Hú Kunming Lake
昆明市 Kūn míng shì Kunming, prefecture-level city and capital of Yunnan Province 雲南省|云南省[Yun2nan2 Sheng3]
李明博 Lǐ Míng bó Lee Myung-bak (1941-), South Korean businessman, one-time chairman of Hyundai, president of South Korea 2008-2013
南明区 Nán míng qū Nanming District of Guiyang City 貴陽市|贵阳市[Gui4 yang2 Shi4], Guizhou
宁明县 Níng míng xiàn Ningming county in Chongzuo 崇左[Chong2 zuo3], Guangxi
弄明白 nòng míng bai to figure out how to do something
彭明敏 péng míng mǐn Peng
三明市 Sān míng shì Sanming, prefecture-level city in Fujian Province 福建省[Fu2jian4 Sheng3]
声明书 shēng míng shū statement
失明症 shī míng zhèng blindness
史思明 Shǐ Sī míng Shi Siming (703-761), military colleague of An Lushan 安祿山|安禄山[An1 Lu4 shan1], participated in the 755-763 An-Shi Rebellion 安史之亂|安史之乱[An1 Shi3 zhi1 Luan4]
说明会 shuō míng huì information meeting
思明区 Sī míng qū Siming, a district of Xiamen 廈門市|厦门市[Xia4men2 Shi4], Fujian
嵩明县 Sōng míng xiàn Songming county in Kunming 昆明[Kun1 ming2], Yunnan
唐明治 táng míng zhì Michael
透明胶 tòu míng jiāo Scotch tape
魏道明 wèi dào míng Wey
微明区 wēi míng qū oligophotic zone
Chinese Tones